Complement C4A (C4A) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone ID: 10-11]

Specifications

Product Data
Clone Name	10-11
Applications	ELISA, IF, IHC, WB
Recommend Dilution	ELISA: 1/5000-1/20000. Western Blot. Immunofluorescence: 1/250-1/600.  Immunohistochemistry on Frozen Sections: 1/100-1/750. Works very well on acetone-fixed, frozen renal biopsies. Strong staining is observed in the glomeruli and in some cases the peritubular capillaries. Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin Sections.  Clone 10-11 has given variable results on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. It has been observed that pre-treatment with 88% formic acid for 20 minutes at room temperature is beneficial (Ref.6).
Reactivity	Human
Host	Mouse
Clonality	Monoclonal
Immunogen	Native human C4 from plasma
Specificity	This antibody recognises the secreted protein complement component 4d (C4d).  C4d was accepted in 2003 into the Banff classification for identification of acute AMR (Racusen et al. 2003). Mouse anti Human C4d antibody, clone 10-11 is specific for C4d, a marker that can be used in the detection of acute AMR for kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. C4d is regarded as a key marker of antibody-mediated cell injury and humoral rejection (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002). Complement 1 complex cleaves complement 4 (C4) to form C4b and C4a. C4b levels are strictly regulated. Single site cleavage of the C4b’s alpha chain by Factor I forms iC4b and blocks C3 convertase, inhibiting opsonization and activation of the classical pathway. This requires C4 binding protein or CR1 as a cofactor. iC4b is further degraded into C4d and C4c. C4b’s short half life means that C4d is present in serum at high enough concentrations to make it a useful marker for classical complement activation (Collins et al. 1999). Mouse anti Human C4d antibody, clone 10-11 is used to detect the biomarker C4d which has been described as a “footprint” of antibody mediated tissue rejection (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002). The internal thioester of C4b becomes exposed during cleavage to C4d and forms a covalent bond with the cell surface. The longer half-life of covalently bound C4d makes it a footprint of complement activation long after weakly bound antibodies have been cleared by the blood stream (Sacks and Chowdhury 2002). C4 has also been linked to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (Yang et al. 2004) and rheumatoid arthritis (Makinde et al. 1989).
Formulation	Borate buffered saline State: Purified State: Liquid purified IgG fraction Preservative: 0.09% Sodium Azide
Concentration	lot specific
Purification	Affinity Chromatography on Protein A
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store the antibody undiluted at 2-8°C for one month or (in aliquots) at -20°C for longer. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Gene Name	complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group)
Database Link	Entrez Gene 720 Human UniProt ID P0C0L4
Background	The complement 1 complex cleaves complement 4 (C4) to form C4b and C4a. C4b levels are strictly regulated. Single site cleavage of the C4bs alpha chain by Factor I forms iC4b and blocks C3 convertase, inhibiting opsonisation and activation of the classical pathway. This requires C4 binding protein or CR1 as a cofactor. iC4b is further degraded into C4d and C4c. C4ds short half life means that C4d is present in serum at high enough concentrations to make it a useful marker for classical complement activation. C4 has been linked to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosous.
Synonyms	Complement component 4, CPAMD2, CPAMD3, Acidic complement C4, Basic complement C4
Reference Data
Protein Pathways	Complement and coagulation cascades, Systemic lupus erythematosus

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