antibody and western standard FAQs

• We only guarantee the product specifications and data, which are posted on the website for each antibody
• If an application or reactivity has not been tested, the customer can try it with some risk
• If a customer uses the antibody for a non-guaranteed application and wants a refund, he/she can get up-to 50% credit, in exchange for sending negative data (no replacement or refund), or 10% discount on a future antibody purchase
• We encourage customers to send us positive data in exchange for a $50 product credit, or 10% discount on a future antibody purchase

OriGene has the world's largest collection of full-length, expression-ready cDNA clones. We have used this vast collection to generate overexpression cell lysates by transiently transfecting HEK293T cells with the TrueORF cDNAs. This creates gene-specific myc and DDK tagged antigen standard that serve as high-quality validation tools for all OriGene antibodies by Western blot analysis. Only antibodies that pass our stringent quality control experiments and meet our high standards for specificity and sensitivity are provided.

OriGene only sells antibodies that detect the protein at the predicted molecular weight from a gene-specific antigen standard

No. Since OriGene cannot confirm that your cell line, tissue or overexpression construct produces the specific protein at levels detectable by Western blotting, we only guarantee positive detection of the included antigen standard using our validated antibody.

On average, OriGene's antibodies and our Western blot reagent cost less than our competitors' products but guarantee the highest quality. At the same time, we also offer a free vial of VERIFY tagged overexpression lysate for antibody validation.

Yes. We sell bigger package of VERIFY tagged overexpression lysate separately. Please see our website for a list of available lysates that can be purchased separately.

For the gene-specific antibodies, we offer both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The detailed information can be obtained from Origene's antibody webpage. All our anti-tag antibodies are monoclonal (mouse) and our HRP conjugated secondary antibody is polyclonal anti-mouse antibody that is made from goat (TA130003).

Each antibody shows different coverage of applications. Customer can find the application for each particular antibody by visiting Origene antibody website.

We mainly use the swissprot webpage to help predict the molecular weight of unprocessed protein. Please see the following link: http://www.expasy.org/sprot/

We guarantee that our horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (TA130003) in conjuction with Western Blotting Luminol Reagent (TA100016) will detect the corresponding monoclonal anti-Tag antibodies used in Western blot analysis. If you encounter any difficulty detecting the antigen in OriGene's VERIFY overexpression cell lysate, our Technical Services professionals will help troubleshoot and optimize your experimental conditions.

No. As we offer the validated antibodies only, we do not think it is necessary to include such kind of control in the Western blotting. However, if wanted, you can purchase the control immunoglobulin from other companies.

The selection of secondary antibody is totally dependent on the primary antibody you are using. The rule of thumb is that the secondary antibodies should be raised against the host species as the primary antibody you are using. For instance, if your primary antibody is a mouse monoclonal, you will need an anti-mouse secondary. Origene provides secondary antibodies conjugated to HRP (TA100015) for ECL analysis.

The datasheet for most of the Origene antibodies should have a dilution suggestion. Please remember that these dilutions and concentration estimates are simply recommended as a starting point, and it may be necessary to adjust the dilution based on the experimental results. In case of no such information provided, the following table can be used as a rough guideline for initial start point.

In Western Blotting analysis, the migration of proteins on the gel is based on their molecular weight. However, under certain circumstances, there is a discrepancy between the actual western blot band size and predicted molecular weight. The following factors are the common reasons for this.

1. Post-translational modification - e.g. phosphorylation, glycosylation etc, which increases the size of the protein.
2. Post-translation cleavage - e.g. many proteins are synthesized as pro-proteins and then cleaved to give the active form, e.g. pro-caspases
3. Splice variants - alternative splicing may create different sized proteins produced from the same gene
4. Relative charge - the composition of amino acids (charged vs non-charged)
5. Multimers - e.g. dimerization of a protein. This is usually prevented in reducing conditions, although strong interactions can result in the appearance of higher bands

After receiving the antibody, the customer should store the antibody according to the instructions as directed on the datasheet. We are unable to guarantee how the antibody will perform if not stored as stated on the datasheet.

For Western Blot validation, the overexpression lysate sample can be diluted with 2xSDS sample buffer. After dilution, the lysate sample should be stored at -80℃ for long term storage. Prior to SDS-PAGE fractionation, add reducing agent (100mM DTT or 2.5% ß-ME) freshly and heat the sample at 70℃ for 10 minutes before loading.

Since the VERIFY tagged antigen standard is the gene specific overexpression lysate, the optimal SDS-PAGE loading amount need to be determined by preliminary experimental data from customer. Based on our experience, we suggest customer dilute the lysate with 20ul of 2xSDS loading dye and load around 5ul for one lane.

The antigen standard is supplied in liquid format in RIPA buffer. One can use our standard for immunoprecipitation, ELISA standard, protein/protein interaction, etc.

There are several possible explanations for this result and they are not mutually exclusive. First, each lysate is prepared from Hek293T cells and every molecule of the expressed antigen may be subject to various types and degrees of post-translational modifications (e.g. glycosylation, ubiquitinylation, acetylation) thereby increasing the number of bands detectable via W.blotting. In addition, proteolytic degradation can occur despite the presence of protease inhibitors in our extraction buffer. In these cases, our anti-DDK antibody will only show the segment(s) of the protein that retains the DDK tag. A protein-specific antibody might detect other fragments. Also, some membrane proteins tend to form aggregates during SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, or during sample preparation and will run at very high molecular weights. One other possibility is antibody detection of both endogenous protein and myc-DDK tagged over expression protein at slightly different molecular weight

Here is our guideline:

Full Product Name, OriGene Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Catalog #, Lot #.

In addition, we would love to hear from you when the paper is published. Email us a copy of the accepted manuscript and receive a special gift.

Yes, we recommend you perform another round desalting purification. Even though all these carrier-free antibodies were extensively dialyzed with 1xPBS buffer to remove any amine containing chemicals, it is highly recommended that you do another round desalting experiment. This could further enhance your coupling efficiency. We recommend Zeba Spin Desalting Columns, 7K MWCO from Thermo Scientific for the desalting purpose.

Yes, for these antibodies, they are free of BSA and glycerol and can be used directly for ELISA plate coating.