PDK4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Specifications

Product Data
Applications	ICC/IF, WB
Recommend Dilution	Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: 1:500, Western Blot: 2 ug/ml
Reactivity	Human
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Immunogen	Synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of the human PDK4 protein (within residues 200-250). [Swiss-Prot# Q16654]
Formulation	PBS, 0.05% Sodium Azide. Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Concentration	lot specific
Purification	Immunogen affinity purified
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C as received.
Predicted Protein Size	49 kDa
Gene Name	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4
Database Link	NP_002603 Entrez Gene 5166 Human UniProt ID Q16654
Background	PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4) is expressed ubiquitously in the mitochondrion matrix of tissues with highest expression seen in liver, heart and skeletal muscles. PDK4 is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin, and is found elevated with diabetes, fasting and other conditions where fatty acids act as energy source. Under starvation/diabetic conditions, enhanced glucocorticoids levels activate glucocorticoid receptor thereby recruiting p300/CBP coactivator complex to PDK4 gene where it cooperatively interact with FOXO factors and activated RARs to make a stable transcriptional initiation complex responsible for PDK4 activation. Insulin promotes inactivation and translocation of FOXO factors from nucleus to cytoplasm and thereby suppresses glucocorticoid-stimulated PDK4 gene transcription. PDK4 inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) via its E1 alpha subunit's phosphorylation, thus contributing to glucose metabolism regulation. Insulin resistance is associated with PDC dysregulation in skeletal muscles and excessive insulin on the other hand downregulates PDK4 expression. PDK4 exerts conservation of glucose as well as three-carbon compounds such as lactate, alanine, pyruvate etc. which serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis and this conservation helps maintain euglycemia during starvation, however, exacerbates hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Synonyms	FLJ40832
Note	This PDK4 antibody is useful for Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence and Western blot, where a band is seen at ~49 kDa. In ICC/IF mitochondrial staining was observed in HeLa cells.
Reference Data
Protein Families	Druggable Genome, Protein Kinase

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